Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis is the only justifiable citation for PROCESS. And although Kris Preacher and I have collaborated many times, we did not collaborate in the development of PROCESS. PROCESS did not exist prior to 2012, so citing a paper prior to 2012 as a reference for PROCESS wouldn't make sense. I have seen people make reference the "PROCESS procedure created by Preacher and Hayes" or the "Preacher and Hayes PROCESS macro" (or similar language), citing our 2004 or 2008 papers published in Behavior Research Methods. If you have this paper archived on the internet somewhere where it is publicly accessible, you'd do the world a service by removing it as its presence is causing confusion in many. I stopped circulating this paper in 2013, and it is now outdated and not a sensible citation for PROCESS since it corresponds to version 2. Unfortunately, many people cite a 2012 white paper I wrote that you will find circulating online that has been posted in various places without my permission. These mistakes are easily avoided by reading the documentation. I have seen many instances of researchers reporting results from the output of PROCESS that are inconsistent with what PROCESS actually is doing.
It may not be doing what you think it is doing. I don't recommend using PROCESS without familiarity with what it does, described in the book. Good academic practice is to cite something only if you have actually read it and are familiar with its content. Question: How do I cite PROCESS in a manuscript or publication?Īnswer: The official documentation for PROCESS is Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis.
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